Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Control, Labeling, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Bacteria

Journal: Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications

Article Title: Neutron and high-resolution room-temperature X-ray data collection from crystallized lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

doi: 10.1107/S2053230X15019743

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macromolecule-production information

Article Snippet: Details of the cloning and protein-production procedures are summarized in Table 1 . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1 caption a7 Source organism J. denitrificans strain ATCC 14870 DNA source Synthetic DNA Forward primer 5-CCGTAGCAAT GGATCC ATGAAGAAGAGAAAGTTGAGAGCGTCAGC-3 Reverse primer 5-TCGTAATGCC GCGGCCGC TCATGAGACCACAACATCCATACAGTTG-3 Expression vector pUCBB-eGFP Expression host E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) Complete amino-acid sequence of the construct produced HGWVTDPPSRQALCASGETSFDCGQISYEPQSVEAPKGATTCSGGNEAFAILDDNSKPWPTTEIASTVDLTWKLTAPHNTSTWEYFVDGQLHQTFDQKGQQPPTSLTHTLTDLPTGEHTILARWNVSNTNNAFYNCMDVVVS Open in a separate window caption a8 Macromolecule-production information

Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Construct, Produced

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deletion derivatives of the oriTN region and their mobilization. The numerals at both ends of each fragment are the nucleotide positions in the 430-bp oriTN region. Four predicted IRs with hairpin loop structures (see Fig. 1c) are indicated by different colored boxes, DRs are indicated by arrows, and the putative IHF-binding site is depicted as a red box. The frequencies of mobilization of pNIT101 to pNIT114 from G7(NAH7K3) to KT2400Gm are expressed by the numbers of the Tcr transconjugants per donor cell. Each frequency is the mean value obtained from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test: statistical significance (P < 0.05) in comparison with pNIT101 (*) and with pNIT104 (**).

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Comparison

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conjugative transfer and mobilization of plasmids a

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mobilization of oriT N -containing plasmid to various bacterial strains a

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Over Expression

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Host Range of the Conjugative Transfer System of IncP-9 Naphthalene-Catabolic Plasmid NAH7 and Characterization of Its oriT Region and Relaxase

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-16

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers used in this study

Article Snippet: These results show that the NAH7 conjugation system has a broader host range than its replication system. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Recipient strain Mobilization frequency b pNIT6012 pNIT101 P. putida KT2440::Gm <1.1 × 10 −8 3.6 × 10 −3 P. fluorescens Pf-5G <4.0 × 10 −8 4.8 × 10 −4 P. aeruginosa KGG <3.5 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −4 B. multivorans ATCC 17616 <3.5 × 10 −8 5.8 × 10 −4 B. vietnamiensis G4::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 1.5 × 10 −4 B. cenocepacia J2315::Gm <3.6 × 10 −8 7.6 × 10 −5 R. solanacearum RS1085::Gm <3.8 × 10 −8 3.8 × 10 −6 Sphingobium japonicum UT26::Gm <2.9 × 10 −8 1.0 × 10 −6 Sphingobium sp. MI1205::Gm <3.3 × 10 −8 2.4 × 10 −5 Sphingobium sp. TKS::Gm <4.3 × 10 −9 <4.4 × 10 −9 Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 <5.6 × 10 −8 1.4 × 10 −3 Open in a separate window a Mobilization of pNIT6012 and pNIT101 from P. putida G7(NAH7K3) to the recipient strain was investigated by selecting the Tc r Gm r or Tc r Sm r transconjugants. b Mobilization frequency is expressed by the number of transconjugants per donor cell, and the mean value was obtained from at least three independent experiments.

Techniques: Sequencing, Cloning, Amplification